Alkaloids are compounds found to be responsible for the anticancer activity of the Camptotheca acuminata plant, for example, from which the currently used anticancer drug camptothecin is isolated. Don) is a tree that belongs to the Apocynaceae family of plants known to be rich in alkaloids. Vinblastine (Velban), vincristine (Oncovin), vinorelbine (Navelbine), etoposide (VP-16), teniposide (VM-26), paclitaxel (Taxol), docetaxel (Taxotere), topotecan (Hycamtin), and irinotecan (Camptosar) are some examples of anticancer drugs that had passed through different stages of preclinical and clinical trials and hence were approved for clinical use. Drugs currently in use as anticancer have over 60% of their origin from natural products. This viable source of therapeutic agents from nature might not be unconnected to the structural diversity inherent in a million species of plants and microorganisms but still remains beyond the comprehension of man. Traditional uses of natural plants to treat different diseases, including cancer, and their scientific isolation and characterization for translation into effective drugs against cancer underscore their importance. Chemotherapy is a major mode of treatment for various cancers, but its success is confounded by unwanted toxic side effects and drug resistance. In addition, about 1.6 million new cases and 6 hundred thousand deaths have been predicted for 2013 in the USA alone. Annually, about 10 million newly diagnosed cancer cases are reported, of which 6 million result in deaths worldwide. These findings provide a basis for further studies on the isolation, characterization, and mechanistic evaluation of the bioactive compounds responsible for the antiproliferative activity of the plant extract.Ĭancer remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Induction of apoptosis, ROS, and cell cycle arrest were time- and dose-dependent for the cancer cell lines studied. Dose-response analyses of the extract showed greater sensitivity in cancer cell lines than in fibroblast controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the fluorogenic molecular probe 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester and cell cycle arrest was detected with propidium iodide. Apoptosis induction was monitored by flow cytometry using the APOPercentage and Annexin V-FITC kits. Caspase activities were assayed with Caspase-Glo 3/7 and Caspase-9 kits. The MTT assay in conjunction with the trypan blue dye exclusion and clonogenic assays were used to determine the effects of the extracts on the cells. ![]() The present study investigated the antiproliferative and apoptosis induction potential of methanolic leaf extracts of HF against breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HT-29), and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells relative to normal KMST-6 fibroblasts. ![]() Holarrhena floribunda (HF) is used in a wide range of traditional medicine practices. Natural plant products with potent growth inhibition and apoptosis induction properties are extensively being investigated for their cancer chemopreventive potential.
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