![]() Bouteflika in particular believed that the Francophone dimension of Algeria was evident in the impact of thinkers such as Descartes and the parallels between the French and Algerian revolutions. Other political leaders, such as Mohamed Boudiaf and Abdelaziz Bouteflika, had a more favourable attitude towards French. ![]() Chadli Bendjedid, third president of the country, used only classical Arabic in his speeches, as did Liamine Zéroual. The choice of language of Algerian leaders in public reflects their language policy: Houari Boumédiène, second president of Algeria from 1965 to 1978, was strongly against French and never used it publicly. In spite of its widespread use of French, Algeria has not joined the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, an international organization of French-speaking countries. The PCGN stated "official attitudes towards both Berber and French have been largely negative". The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN) states "In reality, French is the lingua franca of Algeria", and that despite government efforts to remove French, it never stopped being the lingua franca. The 19 constitutions do not mention Berber and French. In 2016 68% used Facebook in French, while 43% used it in Arabic. In 2014, 76% of Facebook users in Algeria posted in French, while 32% posted in Arabic. Maamri said that in 2009, due to the advent of satellite television channels that carry Francophone entertainment, the language "is now enjoying something of a revival." She added that "Also over the years, the Algerian government has pushed back, reintroducing French." Benrabah said that the polls confirm the trend of French increasing in Algeria. The institute used its findings to represent the 14 million Algerian citizens who were of the age 16 or older. Of them, 60% spoke and/or understood the French language. The Abassa Institute polled 1,400 Algerian households in April 2000 about their language use. At the time, studies predicted that 67% of the Algerian population would speak French by 2003. In 1993, of 27.3 million people in Algeria, 49% spoke French. īenrabah said that "rom a quantitative point of view, today's Algeria is the second largest French-speaking community in the world" and that "Arabization, or the language policy implemented to displace French altogether, failed." In 1990, 6,650,000 people in Algeria spoke French, with 150,000 being native speakers and 6,500,000 being second-language speakers. The total population of Algeria at the time was 21 million. ![]() A report for the High Council of Francophonie in Paris stated in 1986 that in Algeria, 150,000 people spoke French as a first language and 6.5 million spoke French as a second language. Opponents of French-Arabic bilingualism in Algeria argued that French was a colonialist and imperialist language. In September 1993 the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education made French and English two separate choices for the first mandatory foreign language students were required to pick one over the other the great majority of students selected French as their first mandatory foreign language. The Algerian government taught French as the first mandatory foreign language for students beginning in the fourth grade in the primary cycle, from the end of the 1970s to the early 1990s. In the 1960s, post-independence Algerian politicians intended to carry out an Arabization campaign to replace the usage of French with Modern Standard Arabic. Of the total population, 6 million spoke French. In 1963, of the 1,300,000 literate people in Algeria, 1 million read French. The pied-noirs developed a distinctive dialect, termed Pataouète. During the colonial period, about one million French native speakers lived in Algeria. ![]() During the French colonisation from 1830 to 1962, according to Benrabah, French "symbolized foreign exploitation and was thus to be resisted" but that "it served as a tool to raise the population's awareness and support in favour of such resistance" because French conveyed "universal values" of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
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